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mill is comparative!}' small, and the product requires relatively few 

 hands. If any thing more is done, it ought to be in the direction of 

 spinning yarn for export ; but this, like all branches of the cotton 

 manufacture, must be developed slowly, as the margin of profit is 

 very small, and the business will be easily wrecked, not because of 

 the cost of manufacturing, but because of the absence of the facili- 

 ties for distribution. A great commerce cannot be improvised, and 

 high commissions and charges soon eat up small profits on a far dis- 

 tant traffic. 



The true diversity of employment which makes self-sustaining 

 communities consists of occupations that do not appeal to the im- 

 agination like the great cotton factory ; but the artisans and mechan- 

 ics who work in iron and wood, the stove-maker and the like, the 

 furniture-maker, the tinman, the house wright, the wagon-builder, 

 the blacksmith, and the whitesmith are the most valuable citizens. 

 The hundred arts that require but little capital and support many 

 men are the ones that, next to the farmer, form the bone and sinew 

 of society. When these are established, the textile factory may well 

 follow, but ought not to precede in any large degree. 



To one other subject let me advert. It is new to us, as well as to 

 you. If I understand your climate and soil, you can raise fodder 

 crops to any extent ; but you cannot compete with the West or with 

 many parts of the North in the production of ripened grain. If the 

 method of saving green crops, called ''ensilage," proves to be all 

 that is claimed for it, or even half, and it shall be possible to keep 

 fodder green and succulent for a year, then the oft-quoted benefactor 

 who made only two blades of grass grow where one grew before, must 

 give way to him who will be yet more blessed, the man who feeds 

 ten head of cattle where one found but a meagre pasture before. 



If to the sheep fed upon the cotton seed you ma}* add great droves 

 of cattle fed on the corn, oats, rye, or millet saved in its green state, 

 twenty, forty, even sixty tons to the acre ; each two and a half 

 tons worth one ton of the best of English ha}' ; good feed for cattle, 

 sheep, or hogs, then what? Why, I am afraid we should all become 

 as lazy as Emerson once said all mankind are, that is as lazy as each 

 man dares to be ; and down here in the delicious climate of these 

 mountain valleys, through which I have lately passed feasting my 

 eyes on scenes of beauty never conceived before, I know how lazy 

 one man at least would surely be. 



I am not sure that you will not charge me with being the prophet 

 of the millennium of the political economist, a period when moderate 

 industry and intelligence will assure so comfortable a shelter and so 

 good a subsistence that it won't pay to be rich. 



The millennium I am very sure 3*011 will reach long ere we do who 

 dwell amid the granite and ice of New England. 



But, while we shall rejoice in your welfare and share in it in the 

 indissoluble bonds of common interests by which this nation is now 

 held, we shall not envy you. 



Our own old Commonwealth of Massachusetts is dearer to her sons 



