It is these lesser occupations, requiring but small capital, managed 

 by individual owners, and paying high wages, that build up States 

 and create towns and cities. 



Iron is now made at Chattanooga at a less cost than in Pennsylva- 

 nia ; and both there and in Atlanta the use of iron is rapidly increas- 

 ing. Where are to be the shops in which the tools of the new South 

 are to be made? 



Where are to be the Southern manufactories of clothing, a branch 

 of work that gives employment to vast numbers of Northern women 

 in their own homes, besides thousands who are employed in the cities? 

 Skilful sewing women earn much higher wages than factory opera- 

 tives, and the only "poor sewing women " are those who don't know 

 how to sew. There were thirty-one thousand women employed in 

 their own homes in Massachusetts, in 1875, in the manufacture of 

 clothing, straw goods, whips, &c. 



The deposits in the savings banks of Massachusetts, mostly be- 

 longing to her working people, amount to $220,000,000 at the pres- 

 ent time. 



With the extension of the common school, and the rapid increase 

 of an industrious and thrifty body of citizens in the South engaged 

 in these necessary pursuits, capital will be rapidly absorbed, and 

 there will be no sure supply of operatives for cotton mills on any 

 large scale, because other pursuits, offering conditions of life more 

 consistent with the conditions of a climate in which out-door work, 

 or pursuits that do not require^ continuous labor ten to twelve hours 

 a day and three hundred days in a year, will be open to all. 



On the other hand, the most important branch of the cotton manu- 

 facture that of ginning, packing, and preparing cotton for the use of 

 the factory must continue to be done in the South, and every mil- 

 lion dollars spent in the right manner in this department will produce 

 more wealth and do more to build up the cotton States than any ten 

 million expended in cotton factories. In this connection, the com- 

 munication to be found in the Appendix, lately made by the under- 

 signed to " The Planter's Journal" of Vicksburg, Miss., will not be 

 without interest. 



It is in order that these opportunities for immediate profit ma} r be 

 made apparent that the cotton exhibition should be held. 



There are two corporations in New England that operate forty per 

 cent more cotton spindles and looms than all the fifty cotton factories 

 of Georgia combined ; and each of these is adding more spindles to 

 its present capacity, relying in part for its market upon the greater 

 purchasing power of its Southern consumers, as they engage in the 

 diversified occupations now open to them since the curse of slavery 

 was removed from their section. There are four Northern estab- 

 lishments operating more spindles and looms than are contained in 

 all the cotton mills south of Maryland. Northern manufacturers do 

 not fear Southern competition, but will promote the extension of 

 cotton manufacturing as much as good judgment will permit. It 

 would be greatly to their advantage to have a solid body of men in 



