II BIOLOGY AND THE STATE 79 



that the foundation of such a college in London would 

 be one of the simplest and most direct steps that could 

 be taken towards filling, in some degree, the void 

 from which English science suffers. The College de 

 France is divided into a literary and a scientific faculty. 

 Each faculty consists of some twenty professors. 

 Each professor in the scientific faculty is provided 

 with a laboratory and assistants (as many as four 

 assistants in some cases), and with a considerable 

 allowance for the expenses of the instruments and 

 materials required in research. The personal stipend 

 of each professor is 400, which has been increased 

 by an additional 100 a year in some cases from the 

 Government Department charged with the promotion 

 of higher studies. The professors in this institution, 

 as in the German universities, when a vacancy occurs, 

 have the right of nominating their future colleague, 

 their recommendation being accepted by the Govern- 

 ment. The professors are not expected to give any 

 elementary instruction, but are directed to carry on 

 original investigations, in prosecuting which they may 

 associate with themselves pupils who are sufficiently 

 advanced to join in such work; and it is further the 

 duty of each professor to give a course of forty lectures 

 in each year upon the results of the researches in 

 which he is engaged. There are at present among 

 the professors of the College de France four of the 

 most distinguished among contemporary students of 

 biological science : Professor Brown-Sequard, Professor 

 Marey, Professor Balbiani, and Professor Eanvier. 

 Every one who is acquainted with the progress of 



