II BIOLOGY AND THE STATE 89 



scientific research, is a reality, in spite of the suggestion 

 that teaching affords a means whereby the researcher 

 may readily provide for himself. The simple fact 

 is that a teacher can only make a sufficient income 

 by teaching, on the condition that he devotes his 

 whole time and energy to that occupation. 



Whilst I feel called upon to emphatically distinguish 

 the two functions viz. that of creating new know- 

 ledge, and that of distributing existing knowledge 

 and to maintain that it is only by arbitrary and 

 undesirable arrangements, not likely to be tolerated, 

 or, at any rate, extended, at the present day, that the 

 latter can be made to serve as the support of the 

 former, I must be careful to point out that I agree 

 most cordially with those who hold that it is an 

 excellent thing for a man who is engaged in the one 

 to give a certain amount of time to the other. It 

 is a matter of experience that the best teachers of 

 a subject are, cceteris paribus, those who are actually 

 engaged in the advancement of that subject, and who 

 have shown such a thorough understanding of that 

 subject as is necessary for making new knowledge 

 in connection with it. It is also, in most cases, a 

 good thing for the man engaged in research to have a 

 certain small amount of change of occupation, and to 

 be called upon to take such a survey of the subject in 

 connection with which his researches are made, as 

 is involved in the delivery of a course of lectures and 

 other details of teaching. Though it is not a thing to 

 be contemplated that the researcher shall sell his 

 instruction at a price sufficiently high to enable him 



