94 BIOLOGY AND THE STATE II 



make, as members of a British Association for the 

 Advancement of Science, in respect of adequate 

 provision for the creation of new knowledge in the 

 field of biology in England. 



Taking England alone, as distinct from Scotland 

 and Ireland, we require, in order to be approximately 

 on a level with Germany, forty new biological insti- 

 tutes, distributed among the five branches of physi- 

 ology, zoology, anatomy, pathology, and botany forty 

 in addition to the fifteen which we may reckon (taking 

 one place with another) as already existing. The 

 average cost of the buildings required would be about 

 4000 for each, giving a total initial expenditure of 

 160,000 ; the average cost of stipends for the director, 

 assistants, and maintenance we may calculate at 1500 

 annually for each, or 60,000 for the forty equal to 

 a capital sum of 2,000,000. These institutes should 

 be distributed in groups of five eight groups in all 

 throughout the country. One such group would be 

 placed in London (which is, at present, almost totally 

 destitute of such arrangements), one in Bristol, one in 

 Birmingham, one in Nottingham, one in Leeds, one in 

 Newcastle, one in Ipswich, one in Cardiff, one in Ply- 

 mouth in fact, one in each of the great towns of the 

 kingdom w r here there is at present, or where there 

 might be with advantage, a centre of professional 

 education and higher study. The first and the most 

 liberally arranged of these biological institutes em- 

 bracing its five branches, each with its special laboratory 

 and staff should be in London. If we can have 

 nothing else, surely we may demand, with some hope 



