IX THE HISTORY AND SCOPE OF ZOOLOGY 351 



of Zoology now aims. That which at the present 

 moment commends itself to me is represented by the 

 genealogical tree and the tabular statements which 

 are printed at the end of this essay. 1 The chief points 

 in this classification are the inclusion of Balanoglossus 

 and the Tunicata in the phylum Vertebrata, the 

 association of the Rotifera and the Chcetopoda with 

 the Arthropoda in the phylum Appendicidata, the 

 inclusion of Limulus and the Eurypterina in the 

 class Arachnida, and the total abandoning of the 

 indefinite and indefensible group of " Vermes." 



"We have now traced the history of the morpho- 

 graphy of animals so as to show that increasingly in 

 successive epochs independent branches of knowledge 

 have been brought to bear on the consideration of the 

 main problem, namely, the discrimination of the kinds 

 and the relations to one another of animal forms. 

 Before glancing at the history of the remaining 

 branches of zoological science, which have had an 

 independent history whilst ultimately contributory to 

 Taxonomy and Morphography, it may be briefly 

 pointed out that the accumulation of knowledge with 

 regard to the distribution of animal forms on the 

 earth's surface and in the seas has progressed simul- 

 taneously with the discrimination of the mere forms 

 of the species themselves, as has also the knowledge 

 derived from fossilised remains as to the characters 

 of former inhabitants of the globe. Both these sub- 

 divisions of Morphography have contributed to the 



1 The classification here given is not quite the same as that pub- 

 lished in the Encyclopedia Britannica in 1888. 



