382 THE HISTORY AND SCOPE OF ZOOLOGY IX 



consequences of that new departure in philosophy 

 have yet to be worked out. Its most important initial 

 conception is the derivation of man by natural pro- 

 cesses from ape-like ancestors, and the consequent 

 derivation of his mental and moral qualities by the 

 operation of the struggle for existence and natural 

 selection from the mental and moral qualities of 

 animals. Not the least important of the studies thus 

 initiated is that of the evolution of philosophy itself. 

 Zoology thus finally arrives through Darwin at its 

 crowning development : it touches and may even be 

 said to comprise the history of man, Sociology, and 

 Psychology. 1 



1 The chief sources of information on the subject of the foregoing 

 article are the following : Engelmann, Bibliotheca Historico-Naturalis, 

 voL i. 1846 (being a list of the separate works and academical 

 memoirs relating to Zoology published between 1700 and 1846) ; 

 Carus and Engelmann, BibL Zoologica, Leipsic, 1861 (a similar list of 

 memoirs in periodicals published between 1846 and 1861) ; J. V. Carus, 

 Gesch. d. Zoologie, Munich, 1872 ; and L. Agassiz, An Essay on Classifica- 

 tion, London, 1859. 



