OF A SHEPHERD. V 



from cold, or from being exposed for a long time in 

 the rain, without being wet to the skin. He should 

 have a crook, a whip, a scratcher, a knife, a lancet, a 

 tin box prepared with a suitable ointment, and a scrip. 



Q. What ought the shepherd to do, if he has his 

 feet, hands, and some other parts of his body frost 

 bitten ? 



A. He should take the necessary precautions to 

 prevent mortification in the benumbed parts, as it 

 makes rapid progress : the frozen part grows first pale 

 and then red, attended with great itching, it afterwards 

 becomes purple and black ; when it soon after detaches 

 and falls. To prevent mortification, it is proper to 

 rub the frozen part with snow, or to cover it with rags 

 wet with the coldest water ; it is then rubbed with lin- 

 en to restore the warmth, and at last it may be plunged 

 in warm water, or fomented, but not exposed to the 

 fire. 



Q. What is a crook, and for what purpose is it 

 used ? 



A. The crook is a staff about six feet long, termi- 

 nated on the upper end by an iron, which is in the 

 form of a small spade, and on the other end by a hook 

 bent back on the top ; the hook may be put on the 

 side of the flat iron, and then it should be bent in- 

 ward. The flat iron of the crook is intended to throw 

 earth near the sheep, which stray from the flock, so 

 as to make them return. The hook is made for seiz- 

 ing and catching them by one of the hind legs. 



Q. What is a shepherd's scrip, and for what pur- 

 pose is it used ? 

 2 



