June, 1919] ANNUAL REPORTS. 31 



by another year. So far the number of branches actually killed has not been 

 serious. Special information was collected along this line of winter injury 

 throughout the state and New England, although it does not form a part of 

 this project proper. The trees in this orchard will be so pruned as to grow a 

 new top on the trees and will necessarily interfere with the yield of the plots 

 for a time. The orchard was seeded to crimson clover and vetch as a substi- 

 tute for crimson clover only, in order to secure more vegetation to tiu-n into 

 the land. 



In addition to the regular work, some new phases of the work were com- 

 menced: 



(1) Light Stvdies. — A tent or covering was erected over two Duchess trees 

 in order to determine whether the fruit-bud formation could be affected by a 

 reduced intensity of sunlight. In one case the covering was a musUn cloth 

 and in the other of cheese cloth. Already a difference in the color of the 

 fohage and coloring of the fruit can be seen depending upon the weight of the 

 cloth covering; a decided contrast is also to be observed when the foliage under 

 cover is compared with the foliage not so covered. ^ 



Soil temperature and air temperature records are being taken, and prepara- 

 tion is made for attempting to measure the intensity of the Ught under two 

 covers as compared with the open. 



(2) Ringing and Root Pruning. — Prehminary work was begun on the trees 

 in the division rows of the Woodman Orchard to determine the effect of ringing 

 the trunks and branches and of root pruning on trees of mature age in this 

 climate. Trees were ringed two feet from the ground on April 28, Jime 8, 

 June 28 and July 18, and the root pruning was done June 28. The wound did 

 not heal on the tree which was ringed April 28; and on May 12 it was bridge- 

 grafted in order to save the tree. In all cases the wounds healed and photo- 

 graphs have been made. The results of the operations cannot be seen imtil 

 the spring of 1919 when more extensive work wiU be undertaken. 



Inheritance in Color of Carnations. 



This project has been continued as in the past and several new seedlings 

 have been flowered and seK-fertUized. 



Mendelian Inheritance in Squashes. 







Tliis work which is now confined to two varieties, namety, ' Warren and 

 DeUcious, has given us more clear-cut results on dominance of the external 

 characters, although intermediates have appeared in practically all the crosses 

 we have made. Photographic records are made on the progress of this work. 

 This spring we suffered the loss of most of om- crop in the field, but the seed 

 of each cross was saved so that the work can progress next year. 



