to the required amount. A solution of one half the strength 

 of the above is recommended by some. 



SIMPLE SOLUTION OF BLUE VITRIOL. 



Blue vitriol, .......... i lb. 



Water, 25 gallons 



This solution may be used for spraying trees and vines 

 before the leaves appear, but should not be used afterwards, 

 as it is liable to burn the foliage. 



It is often desirable, especially in spraying apple trees 

 and potatoes, to combine a remedy for insects with the 

 remedy for fungi. Paris green and London purple may be 

 added to the Bordeaux mixture in the proportion of one 

 fourth lb. to fifty gallons; but these substances should 

 never be used with the other fungicides, as the combination 

 will burn the foliage. 



There will be required for applying these solutions or 

 mixtures a force pump, provided with a nozzle which will 

 give a very fine spray. The finer and more powerful the 

 spray, the more effectively, economically, and quickly can 

 the work be done. There are many different spraying 

 pumps manufactured, which may be found advertised in agri- 

 cultural papers. Where only vines and small trees are to 

 be sprayed, what is known as the Knapsack pump, from 

 the fact of its being carried on the back like a knapsack, 

 will be found very useful, especially as it can be worked by 

 one person while the other forms require one to pump and 

 another to direct the nozzle. The smaller force pumps, 

 such as are used for washing windows or carriages, are to 

 be recommended only where there is a very small amount 

 of spraying to be done. They are seldom provided with 

 suitable nozzles. 



The pump which will be found most generally useful, and 

 which costs only a moderate sum, is a strong force pump, 

 working with a lever handle, which can be attached to the 

 head or side of a barrel or cask. The pump should be 

 provided with ten or twenty feet of hose and a suitable 



