8 



[On the left of the cut is shown a scabbed apple. The lower half on the 

 right shows a perpendicular section through one of the scab spots magnified 

 about loo diameters. The upper half shows some of the detached spores 

 similarly magnified.] 



healthy fruit or leaf, or to a healthy part of the one on which 

 they grew, germinate and produce a new spot. The Scab 

 on apples and pears is considered to be produced by two 

 different species of the same fungus, which are so nearly 

 alike that one description answers for both. 



The Scab is frequently the cause of great loss. Some 

 varieties suffer more than others. Among apples the 

 Fameuse or Snow apple seems to be especiall}* liable to 

 scab, but many other varieties suffer more or less. Among 

 pears in this vicinity the Flemish Beauty and Sheldon are 

 most affected, but the Seckel, Beurre d'Anjou, Lawrence, 

 and Swan's Orange are very liable to be injured by the dis- 

 ease. The scabbing and cracking can be prevented to a 

 great extent by spraying the trees several times with one 

 of the above described fungicides. 



It is probable that many spores of the scab fungus 

 remain on the trees over winter, and are ready to infect 

 the foliage and fruit as soon as they make their appearance 

 in the spring; hence the first application of the fungicide 

 should be made before the buds open. At this time the 

 simple solution of blue vitriol may be used, but not after- 

 wards. After the blossoms have fallen, the trees should be 



