sprayed again, and then once or twice more at an interval 

 of ten days or a fortnight. For the sprayings after the 

 first, we should at present give the preference to the Bor- 

 deaux Mixture, although the other fungicides have given 

 good satisfaction in other places. This treatment will cost 

 about twenty or twenty-five cents per tree per year. 



Another fungus disease attacking apples and pears, espe- 

 cially the latter, greatly affects the appearance of the fruit, 

 if it does not injure it otherwise. The fruit on which it 

 grows has a dirty, sooty appearance, as though it had been 

 exposed to the action of smoke. The fungus grows on the 

 skin, not in well-defined spots like the Scab, but diffused 

 over the surface. Spraying appears to be very effective 

 against this trouble. For summary of experiments in the 

 treatment of the above diseases, see page lo. 



A third disease of the pear, which is much harder to deal 

 with, is called the Blight. It is characterized by the black- 

 ening of the leaves and twigs, rapidly followed by their 

 death. This may be so serious as to soon kill the whole 

 tree. The Blight is caused by the growth in the twigs and 

 leaves of a very minute parasitic plant, belonging to the 

 class known as Bacteria. It is probably due to the fact 

 that this fungus develops almost entirely inside the leaves 

 and branches, that spraying seems to be of little use. About 

 the only treatment that can be recommended at present is 

 to cut off and burn the affected parts as soon as the disease 

 makes its appearance. The twigs should be cut off at 

 some distance below the affected spot, so as to ensure the 

 entire removal of the germs of the disease. 



The plum and cherry are affected by two serious fungus 

 diseases, viz., the Black Knot and the Rot. The Black 

 Knot is caused by a fungus which' in some way gets inside 

 the twigs and branches, where it develops causing the 

 parts to swell and finally to crack open in the spring. Soon 

 the cracked surface becomes covered with a dark greenish 

 growth, which bears a crop of spores ; later the black warty 



