CONTENTS. 



Ommiades in Spain founded by Abdalrahman Their Power and 

 Magnificence Extinction of the Caliphate Conquest of Gra- 

 nada by Ferdinand Wealth and Population of the Moorish Ca- 

 pitals The Government, Arras, and Military Tactics of the 

 Arabs Revenue, Trade, and Marine of Spain under the Sara- 

 cens Reduction of Sicily by the Normans, and final Overthrow 

 of the Mohammedan Power in Europe, 



CHAPTER III. 



LITERATURE OF THE ARABS. 



The Arabs turn their Attention to Learning Their rapid Progress 

 Literary Ardour and Patronage of the Caliphs Haroun al 

 Raschid Almamoun Vathek College of Mostanser at Bag- 

 dad Academies and Libraries founded in Persia, Syria, Egypt, 

 Africa, and Spain Course of Study in the Saracen Schools 

 Grammar Rhetoric Poetry Tales Arabian Nights' Enter- 

 tainments Storytellers History Biography Numismatics 

 Geography Statistics Metaphysics Medicine and Medical 

 Authors Rhazes Avicenna Pharmacy Anatomy and Sur- 

 gery Botany Chemistry Astrology Astronomy Optics 

 Mathematics Trigonometry Algebra Arithmetic Architec- 

 ture The Fine Arts Painting Calligraphy Music Agri- 

 culture Manufactures in Steel, Porcelain, and Leather Claims 

 of the Arabs as the Restorers of Letters and the Importers of 

 useful Arts and Inventions into Europe, 71 



CHAPTER IV. 



CIVIL HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT OF ARABIA. 



Extinction of the Saracen Power Formation of new Kingdoms in 

 the East Victories and Dominions of Timur Conquests of the 

 Turks and Portuguese in Arabia Selim I. obtains the Investi- 

 ture of the Caliphate Expulsion of the Turks by the independ- 

 ent Arab Chiefs Dominions of the Imam of Sanaa His Go- 

 vernment, Revenues, and Military Force Description of Sanaa 

 Visits of European Travellers to that Capital Principal Towns 

 in Yemen Beit el Fakih Taas Mocha Aden Government 



