242 MYRIOZOID^E. 



LEPRAUA HPISIFKRA, Juhnst. B. Z. ed. 2, 324, pi. Ivii. fig. 6: Btwk (in part), 

 B.M. Cat. f>9, pi. Ixxvi. figs. 2,3: Hincks, Devon & Cornw. 

 Cat, Ann. N. H. ser. 3, is. 201 (41 sep.). 



MOLLIA VULGARIS, forma BPINIFERA, Smitt, CEfv. K. Veton-sk.-Akad. Forh. 

 1867, Bihang, Krit. Fort. iv. 15 & 103, pi. xxv. fig. 78. 



LEPRALIA SPINIFERA, var. ACULEATA, Heller, Bryoz. Adriat. Meer. 28. 



Zocecia rhomboid, convex, smooth or slightly roughened, 

 silvery, often indistinctly punctured ; orifice ample, 

 arched above, lower margin straight, with a large 

 rounded sinus in the centre ; peristome thin and not 

 raised ; 5-7 large and stout oral spines ; a little below 

 the orifice a central mamilla, to which a horn-coloured 

 spine is articulated, and on one side of it a large, raised 

 avicularium, pointing outwards, man- 

 dible much produced and very slender Fl S- 13 - 

 towards the extremity, projecting be- 

 yond the beak. Ocecia prominent, sub- 

 globose, smooth and somewhat flattened 

 in front, with ribs radiating towards 

 the base. 



Primary cell short, raised, the top occu- 

 pied by a large oval aperture, with a 

 membranous covering, and about ten Primary cell, 

 stout marginal spines (woodcut, fig. 13). 



RANGE OF VARIATION. Instead of one corneous spine below 

 the aperture, there are sometimes two, close to one another, 

 and occasionally as many as three or four ranged in a line 

 across the cell. 



The avicularium is always single, I believe, and is placed 

 indifferently on either side. It is often absent. 



There seems to be little variation in the form or size of 

 the cells or in the general character of the zoarium, as 

 we might naturally expect, remembering the very limited 

 bathymetrical range of the species. 



HABITAT. On stems and roots of Laminaria and other 

 wteds chiefly, more rarely on stones, &c., between tide- 

 marks and in shallow water; occasionally from deep water. 



