320 ESCHARID.E. 



LOCALITIES. South Devon, r"are ; Polperro, between 

 tide-marks ; Cornwall, 40 fathoms ; Ilfracombe, in clefts 

 on the Capstone ; Guernsey, about 30 fathoms (T. H.) : 

 Scarborough (Bean) : Northumberland, frequent between 

 tide-marks (Alder) : St. Andrews, on roots of Laminaria 

 digitata and stones near low-water mark, rather abundant 

 (Dr. M'lntosh) : Wick and Peterhead, plentiful (C. W. 

 P.) : Scotland, west (Dr. Landsb.) : Shetland, tide-marks 

 and shallow water (A. M. N.) : Dublin coast (Miss Ball). 



GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. Roscoff (Joliet) : Adri- 

 atic, on mussel-shells, rare (Heller) : Greenland (Liit- 

 ken). 



RANGE IN TIME. Scotch Glacial deposits (Geikie) : 

 Palaeolithic (A. Bell). 



ii. With a raised secondary orifice. 

 Genus PORELLA*, Gray. 



Der. From iropos, an opening. 



CELLBPORA (part.), Fleming. 



ESCHARA (part), Sara : Busk : Alder : Smitt : &c. 



HEMERCHARA (part.), Norman, &c. 



LEPRALIA (part.), Busk, &c- 



PORELLA, Smitt. 



GENERIC CHARACTER. ZOCECIA with the primary orifice 

 semicircular; secondary (or adult] orifice elongate, in- 

 versely subtriangular or horseshoe-shaped, inclosing an 

 avicularium, usually with a rounded mandible. ZOARIUM 



* Gray introduced this name, with a very insufficient diagnosis, for a 

 genus of which he made Each, cervicornis, Johnst ., the type ; and it will be 

 convenient to retain it for the group to which the latter species belongs. 

 Smitt, in his ' Critical Catalogue,' adopts it for a genus in which he places 

 P. concinna and P. lavis ; but P. compressa he relegates to his genus Eschara. 



