8 MACACUS. 



the molars of the right side, and a part of the dental series 

 of the left side, together with the two middle incisors, and 

 the right canine. Fragments of two other lower jaws and 

 an entire astragalus were subsequently discovered by these 

 gentlemen. All these remains were entirely fossilized, and 

 impregnated with the hydrate of iron, and they satisfac- 

 torily confirmed the conclusions of Lieutenants Baker and 

 Durand, that a large species of Semnopithecus had coexisted 

 with the Sivatherium and the Hippopotamus, and had, like 

 these and other strange quadrupeds of the tertiary period 

 in India, become extinct. 



The fossil Quadrumane of the fresh-water tertiary strata 

 of the South of France, was determined by M. Lartet,* 

 upon the conclusive evidence of an almost complete lower 

 jaw with all the teeth in situ. This fossil, which was 

 originally referred to the Gibbons (Hylobates), which imme- 

 diately follow the Orangs in the Quadrumanous series, is 

 more correctly regarded by M. de Blainville, on account 

 of the conformation of the crown of the last molar tooth, 

 which is much more like that of the Eocene Macacque or 

 Semnopitheque, than that of a Gibbon, as the representative 

 of an extinct genus intermediate between Hylobates and 

 Semnopithecus. 



As if it were intended that the antiquity of the Quadru- 

 manous order should be put beyond all doubt, the indepen- 

 dent testimony of Dr. Lund, a Danish naturalist resident 

 in Brazil, was added to those of the observers in the East 

 Indies and South of France. Very shortly after the an- 

 nouncement of the fossil Quadrumana in those countries, 

 Dr. Lund, unacquainted with their discoveries, thus ad- 

 dressed the Academy of Sciences at Copenhagen, on the 

 subject of his own palseontological researches : 



* Comptes rendus de l'Acad6mie des Sciences, January and April 1 837 ; and 

 De Blainville, Osteographie, Primates fossiles, p. 53. 



