ELEPHAS PBIMIGENIUS. 235 



With regard to the first-cited exception, the following 

 is the result of a close comparison instituted between it 

 and a corresponding grinder of the Indian Elephant. 



The fossil in question is an inferior molar of the right 

 side of the lower jaw. It exhibits the most complete 

 state in which so large a grinder can be met with, the 

 anterior division of the crown not being quite worn down 

 to the fang, and the hindmost plate being just on the 

 point of coming into use. The whole length of the tooth 

 is thirteen inches ; the total number of lamellar divisions 

 of the crown seventeen, of which the summits of fourteen 

 are abraded in a grinding surface of nine inches 1 extent. 

 The greatest breadth of this surface is two inches and a 

 half. The first three fangs supporting the common den- 

 tinal base of the anterior lamellae are well developed. 

 The transverse ridges of enamel are festooned. Compared 

 with the thin-plated grinders of the Mammoth, these differ 

 not only in their more numerous, thinner, and broader 

 plates, but likewise in the thicker coat of external cement 

 which fills the lateral interspaces of the coronal plates, 

 and in having the fangs developed from the whole base 

 of the tooth, even from the posterior plate, the summit 

 of the mammillary process of which has just begun to 

 be abraded. But from the corresponding molar of the 

 Indian Elephant, the present tooth of the Mammoth differs 

 in the more equable length of the coronal plates, which 

 in the Elephant, by their more progressive elongation, 

 give a triangular figure to the side-view of the crown ; it 

 differs also in the greater length of the grinding surface, 

 which includes two additional plates, although these are 

 not thinner and are not characterized by superior breadth 

 as in the ordinary teeth of the Mammoth. 



These differences from the teeth of the Indian Elephant, 



