256 PROBOSCIDIA. 



Reference has already been made to other localities 

 in Essex, as Clacton, Grays, Ilford, Copford and Kingsland, 

 where, in the freshwater deposits, the remains of the extinct 

 Elephant occur, associated with the above-mentioned Her- 

 bivora, and with more scanty remains of Rhinoceros. 



Abundant Mammalian fossils, which once lay in the 

 drift that capped the cliffs of the coast of Herne Bay, 

 have fallen by the undermining action of the tide and 

 waves, and are dredged up from outlying oyster-beds. 

 Amongst these Dr. Richardson has noticed bones and teeth 

 of the Mammoth associated with remains of Rhinoceros, 

 Horse, Ox, Deer, Bear, and Wolf; all the bones being 

 characterised by the total absence of albuminous matter. 



In the valley of the Thames remains of the Mammoth 

 have been discovered at Sheppy, Lewisham, Woolwich, and 

 the Isle of Dogs ; in the drift gravel beneath the streets of 

 the metropolis, as in Gray's Inn Lane, twelve feet deep ; 

 in Charles Street, near Waterloo Place, thirty feet deep. 



Proceeding westward we encounter Mammoths 1 remains 

 at Kensington, at Brentford, at Kew, at Hurley-bot- 

 tom, Wallingford, and Dorchester ; in the gravel-pits at 

 Abingdon and Oxford, and at Witham Hill and Bagley 

 Wood.* Bones of the great extinct Elephant again occur 

 in the valley of the Medway, at the Nore, at Chatham, 

 and at Canterbury; at Betchworth in Surrey. On the 

 south coast of England, they have been discovered at Brigh- 

 ton, Hove and Worthing ; at Lyme Regis and Charmouth ; 



manifest." The remains of Mammoths have everywhere been the prolific source 

 of the traditions and histories of giants, and sometimes of saints : Ludovicus 

 Vives relates that a molar tooth, bigger than a fist (dens molaris pugna major), 

 was shown to him for one of St. Christopher's teeth, and was kept in a church 

 that bare his name. 



* Dr. Kidd's Geological Essays, ch. xvii., and Dr. Buckland's " Reliquiae Di- 

 luvianoe," p. 1 74 ; where numerous other localities of the Mammoth are recorded. 



