MASTODON ANGUSTIDENS. 295 



and that the Mastodon angmtidens differs from the Mas- 

 todon giganteus in this, as well as other respects, viz., that 

 both the inferior tusks are retained in the male, instead of 

 one only, as in some of the American specimens. The 

 portion of inferior tusk of the Mastodon from Eppelsheim, 

 in the cabinet of the Earl of Enniskillen, to which reference 

 has already been made, belongs to the left side ; whilst 

 that from the crag at Norwich, is from the right side of 

 the jaw. The two sockets in the entire elongated symphy- 

 sis first discovered at Eppelsheim, are of equal size. 



For the reasons above adduced, I assign the fragment 

 of the tusk discovered by Mr. Fitch, to an adult male of 

 the Mastodon angustidens, and all the Mastodontal molar 

 teeth which have hitherto been discovered in British strata 

 to the same species.* 



From the age assigned to the fluvio-marine crag, and to 

 some of the continental formations, from which remains of 

 the Mastodon angustidens have been obtained, it would 

 seem that this species preceded the Mammoth in Europe, 

 and was of older date than the Mastodon giganteus of North 

 America.^ No remains of the Elephas primigenius, at least, 

 have hitherto been discovered in the miocene or older plio- 

 cene strata at Eppelsheim which have yielded the most com- 



* Dr. Kaup also cites as the character of his Mastodon loiiffirostris, that the last 

 molar tooth has five pairs of cones, and a well marked posterior basal ridge (cinq 

 pointes doubles et un talon bien prononce) ; but Cuvier refers similar ultimate 

 molar teeth, as the upper one from Trevoux, (pi. i. ' Divers Mastodontes,' fig. 5,) 

 and the lower one from Padua, (ib. pi. iv. fig. 2), to his species ' a dents etroites.' 

 Cuvier likewise figures a last molar tooth in situ in the lower jaw with four pairs 

 of cones, and the fifth pair reduced to a talon or basal ridge ; but, if this speci- 

 men, which was brought by Dombey from Peru, be of the same species with 

 the European ' Mastodontes a denies etroites,' it will merely illustrate, as I 

 have before shewn, an analogous range of individual variety in the configuration 

 of this complex tooth in the Mastodon angustidens, which has been proved to exist 

 in the same tooth of the Mast, giganteus. 



f See Mr. Lyell's Paper ' On the Geological Position of the Mastodon gigan- 

 tfus,' 1 in the Proceedings of the Geological Society, February 1, 1843. 



