BOS PRIMIGENIUS. 505 



the six remaining cervical vertebrae, thirteen dorsal and 

 six lumbar vertebrae ; thus yielding another important 

 character by which this great primeval Ox agrees with 

 the domestic species of the present day. One of the dorsal 

 vertebrae, which retains its spinous process, measures one 

 foot seven inches in height, a development not greater 

 than might have been expected for the support of the 

 head and horns. One of the scapulae shows a diseased 

 external surface, ossific inflammation having extended 

 from two depressions in the bone, probably inflicted by 

 the horns of another bull in conflict. The metacarpal and 

 metatarsal bones (fig. 209) give additional exemplifications 

 of the true Bovine character of the present extinct species 

 by their stronger proportions, as compared with those of 

 the Aurochs (fig. 207). 



Mr. Brown, of Stanway, has recorded his discovery, 

 in a mass of drift-sand overlying the London clay at 

 Clacton on the Essex coast, of the frontal part of the 

 cranium, with the cores of the horns of a large Bovine 

 animal, which, from the origin, direction, and degree, of cur- 

 vature of the horns, agrees with the fossil Bos primigenius.* 

 Each core measured three feet along the outer curve from 

 the base to the tip, the chord of- the arc of such curve 

 being eight inches ; the diameter of the base was six inches 

 in one direction and five inches in the other. With these 

 parts of the Bos primigenius was found a perfect Mammoth's 

 molar tooth, eleven inches in length, eight inches in depth, 

 and three inches across the grinding surface. 



Mr. H. Woods, A.L.S., has published a good descrip- 

 tion and figures of the cranial part of the skull and horn- 

 cores of the Bos primigenius, which were discovered in 1838 

 in the bed of the Avon, about two hundred yards below 



* Magazine of Natural History,' New Series, 1838. p. 163. 



