510 BOVIDJE. 



or variety were described in my ' Report on British Fossil 

 Mammalia. 1 



Had no other localities for the Bos longifrons been 

 known than that of the Hunterian specimen, the species 

 might have been held to be of later date than the Bos 

 primigenius and Bison prisons, of whose existence, as the 

 contemporaries of the Mammoth and tichorhine Rhi- 

 noceros, we have had such satisfactory evidence ; I have, 

 however, been so fortunate as to find, in the survey of the 

 collections of Mammalian Fossils in the eastern counties of 

 England, some indubitable specimens of the Bos longifrons 

 from freshwater deposits, which are rich in the remains of 

 ElepJias and Rhinoceros. 



Mr. Brown of Stanway has obtained the back part of 

 the cranium with the horn-cores from the freshwater 

 newer pliocene deposits at Clacton, and also the frontal 

 part of the skull and horn-cores from similar forma- 

 tions at Walton, both on the Essex coast. Remains 

 of the Bos longifrons have also been found in the fresh- 

 water drift at Kensington, associated with those of the 

 Mammoth. 



This small but ancient species or variety of Ox belongs, 

 like our present cattle, to the subgenus Bos, as is shown 

 by the form of the forehead, and by the origin of the horns 

 from the extremities of the occipital ridge (fig. 211) ; but 

 it differs from the contemporary Bos primigenius, not only 

 by its great inferiority of size, being smaller than the 

 ordinary breeds of domestic cattle, but also by the horns 

 being proportionally much smaller and shorter, as well as 

 differently directed, and by the forehead being less con- 

 cave. It is, indeed, usually flat ; and the frontal bones 

 extend further beyond the orbits, before they join the 

 nasal bones, than in the Bos primigenius. The horn-cores 



