TIBBOOS AXD TOTJAREGS. 



181 



The nomades of the Southern Sahara have not, like the Bedouins, 

 preserved in its purity the Shemitic type, but they have fostered and 

 developed the spirit of adventure and rapine which characterizes the 

 Arab of the desert, and hey have added something of the ferocity of 

 the still barbarous tribes of Ham, with whom they have intermarried. 

 These nomades form two principal groups the Tibboos on the east, 



and Touaregs (Touarick, Touereug, or Tawarik) on the west. The 

 former, according to Humboldt, are called "birds," on account of 

 their agility ; they are still imperfectly known to Europeans, despite 

 of the labours of Richardson, Clapperton, and Earth. The second are 

 divided into the Touaregs of Aghadez and the Touaregs of Tagazi. 

 It was not until 1862 that the French army, crossing the Sahara 

 from north to south, entered into direct relations with these fierce 



