464 TAILLESS BABOONS. 



Both belong exclusively to the hottest regions of the globe. The 

 latter are found only in India, Africa, and Madagascar. The Apes, 

 on the other hand, are also spread through South America ; but it is 

 in the Old World we encounter the most numerous, the most varied, 

 and the most remarkable species. 



Those writers who are so much addicted to tracing analogies 

 between Man and the Ape, should explain how and why it is the 

 latter attains his greatest development precisely in those regions 

 where Man's intellect is dwarfed, " cribbed, cabined, and confined." 



To the ancient continent especially belong the great apes without 

 tail, or with very short and rudimentary tail Anthropomorphes, 

 Baboons, Macaucos, and the Cynocephali. 



Apes, as well as the other Primates, are all inhabitants of tropical 

 countries. They do not exist in Europe, in Upper Asia, or in North 

 America. 



A single genus seems able to adapt itself to the climate and con- 

 ditions of the Temperate Zone, and still reigns in the Mediterranean 

 region in Africa, to the north of the Atlas ; in Spain, on the rock 

 and in the neighbourhood of Gibraltar this is the genus Baboon 

 (the Pithecus of the classical writers), included in the family Macau- 

 cos. It differs from other genera of the same family in being tailless. 

 This organ is rudimentary in some species of Macaucos, properly so 

 called as in the Red-faced Macauco of Japan ; in others, its length 

 never exceeds that of the animal's body. It is the same with the 

 genus Mangabey. Among the Cynocephali, the tail is usually short. 

 These apes are remarkable, as their name indicates, for their promi- 

 nent muzzle, which resembles that of a dog ; and, moreover, for the 

 naked callosities, more or less extensive and of a bluish or vivid red 

 colour, which exist on the upper part of their thighs, immediately 

 beneath the tail. 



The Macaucos and the Cynocephali are, in general, of tall 

 stature. When standing upright, they will be about two and a half 

 to three feet in height, but this posture is not natural to them, and 

 they rarely adopt it unless constrained. For their hinder limbs being 



