DETERMINATION OF GENERIC TYPES, ETC. 23 



makes it possible to retain more of the Linnaean generic names in their current 

 application. 



Examples. Oypripedium L. Sp. PL 951, a genus adopted from Tournefort with a 

 change of his name Calceolus, is typified by Oypripedium Calceolus, the only species 

 common to both authors; Seseli L. Sp. PL 259, a genus adopted from Boerhaave, is 

 typified by the second species of Linnaeus, Seseli montanum, which is the first in 

 Linnaeus of the species common to both authors; Silene L. Sp. PL 416, a genus 

 adopted from Dillenius with a change of his name Viscago, is typified by Silene 

 anglica, the first in Linnaeus of the thirteen species figured by Dillenius; Fritillaria 

 L. Sp. PL 303, a genus adopted from Tournefort, is typified by the fifth species of 

 Linnaeus, Fritillaria Meleagris, which is one of the three species included in Fritillaria 

 by both authors, and is selected from these three because it is the one figured by 

 Tournefort. 



(d) When a prebinomial generic name is displaced by the publication of a generic 

 name within binomial usage, the application of the displaced name to a species under 

 the new generic name designates the type. 



Example. Dianthus L. Sp. PL 409, a genus adopted from Tournefort with a change 

 of his name Caryophyllus, is typified by Dianthus Caryophyllus, one of the fifteen 

 original species of Linnaeus. 



(e) The application to a genus of a former specific name of one of the included 

 species, designates the type. 



Examples. Amsonia Walt. Fl. Car. 98 (1788), is typified by Tabernsemontana 

 Amsonia L., one of its two original species; Sordaria Ces. & De N. Comm. Soc. Critt. 

 Ital. I: 225 (1863), is typified by Sphseria Sordaria Fr., one of its twelve original 

 species. 



(/) To avoid change in the current application of a Linnaean generic name, a well- 

 known economic species may be selected as the type, in accordance with the prin- 

 ciple stated by Linnaeus (Phil. Bot. 197. 1751) : "Si genus receptum, secundum jus 

 naturae et artis, in plura dirimi debet, turn nomen antea commune manebit vulga- 

 tissimae et officinali plantae." 



Examples. Poa L. Sp. PL 67, is typified by P.pratensis L., the commonest of its 

 original species; Mottugo L. Sp. PL 89, is typified by M. verticillata L., the commonest 

 of its original species. 



THE INTERNATIONAL CODE OF ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE, 1904. 



The International Codes of Zoological Nomenclature of Paris, 1889; 

 Moscow, 1892; Cambridge, 1898; Berlin, 1901, and Berne, 1904, all 

 treat of types. It will suffice to quote the 1905 (Berne, 1904) edition: 



ART. 29. If a genus is divided into two or more restricted genera, its valid name 

 must be retained for one of the restricted genera. If a type was originally established 

 for said genus, the generic name is retained for the restricted genus containing said 

 type. 



ART. 30. If the original type of a genus was not indicated, the author who first 

 subdivides the genus may apply the name of the original genus to such restricted 

 genus or subgenus as may be judged advisable, and such assignment is not subject 

 to subsequent change. In no case, however, can the name of the original genus 

 be transferred to a group containing none of the species originally included in the 

 genus; nor can a species be selected as type which was not originally included in the 

 genus, or which the author of the generic name doubtfully referred to it. 



Recommendation. In selecting a type, authors should govern themselves by the 

 following: 



a. A genus which contains a species bearing the same name, either as a valid name 

 or as a synonym, takes that species as type. 



