DETERMINATION OF GENERIC TYPES, ETC. 41 



In some instances an author has published a genus and has repub- 

 lished it under another name in the same or in a later paper, with or 

 without additional species; for example: 



Arynchus Shipley, 1896 [not Dejean, 1834], renamed Apororhynchus Shipley, 1899. 

 Asconema Leuckart, 1886, renamed Atractonema Leuckart, 1887, because of Askonema 



Kent, 1870. 



Cephalonema Cobb, 1893 [not Stimps., ante 1882], renamed Nanonema Cobb, 1905. 

 Ctenocephalus Linstow, 1904 [not Kol., 1857], renamed Tetradenos Linstow, 1904. 

 Cystocephalus Eailliet, 1895 [not Le"ger, 1892], renamed Characostomum Railliet, 1902. 

 Fimbria Cobb, 1894 [not Bohadsch, 1761], renamed Fimbrilla Cobb, 1905. 

 Hoplocephalns Linstow, 1898 [not Cuvier, 1829], renamed Echinonema Linstow, 1898. 

 Lobocephalus Diesing, 1838, renamed Heterocheilus Diesing, 1839. 

 Neorhynchus Hamann, 1892 [not Sclater, 1869], renamed Neoechinorhynchus Hamann, 



1905. 



Pelodytes Schneider, 1860 [not Fitz., ante 1846], renamed Pelodera Schneider, 1866. 

 Pseudonymm Diesing, 1857, renamed Ptychocephalus Diesing, 1861. 

 Triodontus Loose, 1900 [not Westwood, 1845], renamed Triodontopharus Looss, 1902. 

 Tropisurus Diesing, 1835, renamed Tropidocerca Diesing, 1851. 



The question as to whether the author placed additional species in 

 the genus in the second paper might influence some systematists in 

 judging the case, though it is difficult to see how this factor comes 

 into consideration. 



In still other cases it is not the original author but a later writer 

 who has intentionally renamed the genus, as 



Acuaria Bremser, 1811, renamed Anthuris and Spiroptera Rudolphi, 1819. 



Ascaris Linnaeus, 1758, renamed Fusaria Zeder, 1800. 



Capillaria Zeder, 1800, renamed Trichosoma Rudolphi, 1819. 



Ctenocephalus Linstow, 1904, renamed Tanqua R. Blanchard, 1904. 



Cyathostomum Molin, 1861, renamed Cylichnostomum Looss, 1902. 



Dioclophyme Collet-Meygret, 1802, renamed Eustrongylus Diesing, 1851. 



Globocephalus Molin, 1861, renamed Cystocephalus Railliet, 1895. 



Gnathostoma Owen, 1836, renamed Cheiracanthus Diesing, 1838, 1839. 



Hamularia Treutler, 1793, renamed Tentacularia Zeder, 1800. 



He'erodera Schmidt, 1871, renamed Heterobotbus Railliet, 1896. 



Rhabdonema Leuckart, 1883, renamed Rhabdias Stiles & Hassall, 1905. 



Spironoura Leidy, 1856, renamed Spirura Diesing, 1861. 



Trichina Owen, 1835, renamed Trichinella Railliet, 1895. 



Trichodes Linstow, 1874, renamed Trichosomoides Railliet, 1895. 



Trichuris Roederer & Wagler, 1761, renamed Trichocephalos Goeze, 1782, Tricho- 



cephalus Schrank, 1788, and Mastigodes Zeder, 1800. 

 Tropisurus Diesing, 1835, renamed Tetrameres Creplin, 1846. 



All of the cases cited under renamed genera, together with certain 

 other cases, may be interpreted under the head of type by inclusion. 



