48 BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



Possibly some authors would argue that convolutus, as the only 

 remaining species, not a type, should be selected as type of Prosthe- 

 cosacter. Not the faintest excuse, however, can be advanced for the 

 generic name Prosthecosacter. Either Pharurus, Pseudalius, or Ste- 

 nurus should have been used by Diesing, regardless of the correctness 

 of his synonymy. We would suggest minor as type of Prosthecosacter. 

 If, now, StenuruS) 1845, is considered invalid because of Stenura, 1834 

 (see p. 75), Prosthecosacter can be used in its place. 



CASE OF Acuaria, Spiroptera, Anthuris, AND Dispfiaragus. 



The genera Acuaria Bremser, 1811a, Spiroptera Rudolphi, 1819a, 

 Anthuris Rudolphi, 181 9a, and Dispharagus Dujardin, 1845a, present 

 a very complicated case of nomenclature and should be considered 

 together, since their histories are so intimately connected: 



Acuaria was proposed by Bremser, 1811a, 26, with the following 

 short diagnosis: "Vermis teres, elasticus, utrinque attenuatus. Ore 

 papillose." He did not give any specific names to the 14 supposed 

 species he found, but he gave the hosts in which Ihey occur. These 

 species are: 



l=Spiroptera anlhuris Rudolphi, 181 9a, 25, $ 9 , reported by Bremser from Corvus, 

 Coracias garrula, and Oriolus galbula. It was taken as basis for the genus Anthuris 

 Rudolphi, 1819a, 244, of which it is type by absolute tautonymy, and also clearly by 

 Rudolphi's original intentions; Anthuris is clearly Acuaria renamed, as admitted by 

 Rudolphi; hence by the rule proposed on page 40 it becomes type of Acuaria, which it 

 would also be in case the ruling were made on basis of page precedence. S. anthuris 

 also becomes type of Spiroptera, because Spiroptera is, as admitted by Rudolphi, a 

 new name for Acuaria and Anthuris, and, being Acuaria and Anthuris renamed, it takes 

 the same type (anthuris) . S. anthuris was transferred to Dispharagus by Dujardin, 

 1845a, 75, of which it becomes the type by inclusion; see below, page 50. Diesing, 

 1851a, 215, returned anthuris to Spiroptera. Bremser' s original material was reexam- 

 ined by Schneider, 1866, 96, who eliminated the specimens from Coracias garrula as 

 a new species, Filaria capitellata, expressed doubts as to the specimens from Oriolu* 

 galbula, and practically reduced the original material, as Filaria anthuris, to the 

 specimens from Corvus glandarius, which now by elimination becomes the type host. 

 Stossich, 1891, 88, retains anthuris in Spiroptera. 



2 = Spiroptera euryoptera Rudolphi, 1819a, 26. $ 9. Hosts: Lanius. Retained 

 in Spiroptera by Dujardin, 1845a, 97; Diesing, 1851a, 218; and Stossich, 1897, 97. 



3 = Spiroptera attenuata Hudo\ph\, 1819a, 25. <??. Hosts: Hirundo. To Disphar- 

 agus by Dujardin, 1845a, 74, and Stossich, 1891, 93; to Spiroptera by Diesing, 1851a, 

 215; to Filaria by Schneider, 1866, 89. 



4 and 5 = Spiroptera anthuris; see 1. 



6 = Spiroptera bidens Rudolphi, 1819a, 24. $ 9. Host: Merops apiaster. To Dis- 

 pharagus by Dujardin, 1845a, 77, by conjecture; to Ancyracanthus by Schneider, 1866, 

 105. 



7 to 9 = Spiroptera, species inquirendse in Rudolphi, 1819a, 28. 



10 = , Spiroptera revolu ta Rudolphi, 181 9a, 26. $ 9. Host: Charadrius himantopus. 

 To Dispharagus by Molin, 1860, 492. 



11 to 13 = Spiroptera, species inquirendge in Rudolphi, 1819a, 28-29. 



14 = Spiroptera elongata Rudolphi, 1819a, 26. 9. Host: Sterna nigra. Retained 

 in Spiroptera by Dujardin, 1845a, 102; Diesing, 1851a, 217; to Filaria by Schneider, 

 1866, 94; to Dispharagus by Stossich, 1891, 95. 



