DETERMINATION OF GENERIC TYPES, ETC. 49 



Rudolph! (18l9a, 22-29, 235-255) reexamined Bremser's original 

 material, and although fully aware of the existence of Acuaria, which 

 he even mentioned by name, he ignored the name and at first renamed 

 the genus Anthuris (see below), but later changed his mind and again 

 renamed it Spiroptera. Of the 14 original species of Acuaria, Rudolphi 

 recognized 6 as valid, namely. Acuaria Nos. 1 (+ 4 + 5), 2, 3, 6, 10, and 

 1-i, while the remaining, namely, Nos. 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, and 13, he gave 

 as doubtful. All helminthologists will probably admit that the type 

 of Acuaria should be selected from the species which Rudolphi consid- 

 ered valid. 



If the rule of page precedence were adopted, anthuris could be taken 

 as a type of Acuaria, and if the indefinite process of elimination were 

 followed, Spiroptera euryoptera would probably be type. We main- 

 tain, however, that Anthuris and Spiroptera should be examined to 

 see what influence they have upon this point in possibly deciding the 

 question in some other way. We had at first overlooked Anthuris, 

 and thought that S. euryoptera would probably be type by elimina- 

 tion, and on basis of this provisional opinion Ransom (1904, p. 38) took 

 it as probable type. Since then, however, it has been recognized that 

 Anthuris had been overlooked, and an examination of this genus 

 shows that the original provisional view referred to above must be 

 modified. 



Anthuris was published by Rudolphi, 1819a, 244, but not accepted 

 by him. As the name was published, however, it exists and must be 

 considered. This name, as shown by Rudolphi, was based upon Spi- 

 roptera anthuris and should be judged upon the rule of type by abso- 

 lute tautonymy. S. anthuris, therefore, is here accepted as type of 

 the genus Anthuris, and since Anthuris is, admittedly, Acuaria 

 renamed, it is maintained on the basis of the rule proposed on p v 40 

 that S. anthuris becomes type of Acuaria. 



In the same paper, Rudolphi (1819a, 22-29, 235-255) introduced the 

 new generic name Spiroptera; this included the entire genus Acuaria, 

 hence its type, S. anthuris, also the entire genus Anthuris with its 

 type, S. anthuris, and the monotypical genus Cystidicola, hence its 

 type C. farionis. In other words, Rudolphi united two preexisting 

 genera (Acuaria, 1811, and Cystidicola, 1798) in a genus (Spiroptera} 

 for which four generic names (Acuaria, 1811, Anthuris, 1819, Cysti- 

 dicola, 1798, and Fissula, 1801) were available, and we hold (see 

 p. 47) that the type of Spiroptera should be selected from the included 

 types (S. anthuris and C. farionis}. Further, since Rudolphi distinctly 

 states that Spiroptera equals Acuaria renamed, the t3 r pe of Acuaria 

 (anthuris} becomes (see p. 40) the type of Spiroptera. 

 6328 No. 7905 4 



