12 BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



This method is followed in order not to prevent some other author 

 from selecting some other species in case it may seem best for him to 

 do so. The action on these cases in the present paper is not to be 

 interpreted as designation, of type, but simply as an indication of the 

 species which, other things being equal, it seems to be best (so far as 

 data are accessible at the present moment) to select as "anchors" for 

 the genera in question. 



DIVISION OF WORK. 



The list of genera (pp. 81-150), upon which the work is based, was 

 originally compiled several years ago. Most of the names were taken 

 from the card catalogue of the Bureau of Animal Industry. In the 

 bibliographic work very material aid has been rendered b} 7 Miss Caro- 

 line Myers, of the Bureau of Animal Industry, and it is a pleasure to 

 express our obligations to her for her painstaking labor, especially in 

 tracing obscure references. The designation of types is the joint work 

 of Stiles and Hassall. Owing to a prolonged absence of Hassall from 

 Washington, during which time joint work was impossible, the dis- 

 cussion of the principles of type designation devolved upon Stiles. 



HOMONYMS. 



In the following list the homonyms (identical names) and phononyms 

 (similar names) are given, so far as accessible in the Bureau catalogue. 

 The orthography, authors, and dates of such names have not been per- 

 sonally verified by us, but they have been accepted from the lists by 

 Agassiz, Scudder, the Zoological Record, Zoologischer Anzeiger, 

 Palmer, Sherborn, Waterhouse, etc. 



HISTORICAL REVIEW OF TYPE DESIGNATION. 



To give a complete historical review of the subject of type designa- 

 tion would exhaust both the readers and the writers, but in the pres- 

 ent paper reference will be made to some of the more important his- 

 torical data. 



THE PRINCIPLE OF GENERIC TYPES FORESHADOWED BY LIN- 

 NAEUS, 1751. 



The idea of the selection of a single species as type for a genus was 

 foreshadowed by Linnaeus (1751, 197) in his Philosophia Botanica 

 as follows: " Si genus receptum, secunclum jus nature et artis, in 

 plura dirimi debet. turn nomen antea commune manebit vulgatissimse 

 et officinali plants?." 



While Linnaeus referred especially to plants, it has become custo- 

 mary to interpret the Linnsean Code as applicable in zoology also, and 

 it is possible therefore to determine the types of a number of Liniuoan 

 genera on the basis of this passage. 



