72 BUBEAtT OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



Absolutely preoccupies the identical name 

 Round worm genus. proposed by. 



Trichoderma Greef, 1 869 Nonfried, 1894, insect. 



Trichonana Cobbold, 1874 Fromentel, 1875, protozoon. 



Trichosoma Rudolphi, 1819 Boisd., 1834, lepidopteron ; Swains., 1839, 



fish. 



Undnaria Frcelich, 1789 Vest., 1867, mollusk. 



Uracanthus Diesing, 1861 Fitzinger, 1865, bird. 



There are but few authors who reject the Rule of Homonyms for 

 absolute homonyms. Among living helminthologists, only one seems 

 to have declared himself against it. In 1898, von Linstow proposed 

 the name Hoplocephalus, and changed it the same year to Echinonerna 

 because Iloplocephalus was preoccupied in reptiles, 1829. Later, how- 

 ever, in 1899, he objected to the rejection of Trichina Owen, 1835 [not 

 Meig., 1830, dipteron]. Von Linstow's position was that a genus of 

 nematodes is not likely to be confused with a genus of diptera; hence, 

 Trichina Owen, 1835, can safety be adopted. Consistency would com- 

 pel him to admit as available such cases as: Conocephalus Diesing, 

 1861 (nematode), Conocephalus Thunb., 1812 (orthopteron), Conoceph- 

 alus Zenk., 1833 (crustacean), and Conocephalus Dum., 1835 (reptile); 

 or Laphyctes Dujardin, 18i5 (nematode), Laphyctes Reichenbach, 1850 

 (bird), Laphyctes Stal, 1853 (hemipteron), and Laphyctes Fcerst., 1878 

 (hymenopteron). 



24. PHONONYMS. 



While von Linstow seems to stand practically alone among helmin- 

 thologists in regard to accepting absolute homonyms, there is a legiti- 

 mate difference of opinion among systematists as to whether two 

 combinations of letters must be absolutely identical in order to be 

 homonyms. Thus the "Merton Rules" provide for the rejection of 

 phononyms. 



As some author, in discussing the Merton Rules, has already pointed 

 out, while generic names as pronounced by a person of one nationality 

 may be more or less phononymous, the same name pronounced by a 

 person of another nationality may have a ve^ different sound. The 

 Merton Rule of phononyms does not therefore appear to be necessary. 



Among roundwonn genera the following names may be mentioned 

 as more or less phononymous: 



Roundwonn genus. Phononyms. 



Acanthrus Acharius, 1780 Acanthurus Eichoff, 1886, insect. 



Acrobeles Linstow, 1877 Acrobela Fcerster, 1862, hymenopteron ; 



Acrobelus Stal, 1869, hemipteron. 



Amphistenus Marion, 1870 Amphistemus Germ., 1843, coleopteron. 



Enoplus Dujardin, 1845 AnoplmSch&nh., 1826, coleopteron; Gray, 



1840, reptile; Schl., 1842, fish. 

 Eurystoma Marion, 1870 '. Eurysoma Gistl. , 1829, coleopteron; Koch, 



1840, arachnoid. 

 Eurysomus Young, 1866, fish. 



