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acre, besides good grazing. The direct saving to Government from 

 home-grown hay would amount to no less than Ke. 1-8 per 

 maund, and should be taken into account in the financial expecta- 

 tions. 



During the last famine (1918-19) there was considerable delay 

 in importing fodder owing to transport difficulties ; such delays, 

 with their attendant dangers, would be avoided in the case of local 

 supplies. In the Etawah district as a result of these delays and the 

 general scarcity of fodder 40,000 cattle died, while nearly 200,000 

 animals disappeared from the Agra district. It has time and 

 again been suggested that hay should be out and stored in normal 

 yeara, when the demand is small, to meet famine emergencies. 

 This proposition has, so far, not appealed to G-overnjnenfc owing to 

 the fear of loss from deterioration in the stack. There is no doubt 

 that considerable quantities of hay have been lost in the past by 

 careless stacking and for this reason it is suggested that permanent 

 barns should be built to protect the hay from the weather. 



All indirect benefits such as the saving of valuable land from 

 erosion should also be balanced against the cost. 



The chief sources of revenue will be (1) grass, (2) timber, C3) 

 fuel, (4) grazing, (5) minor forest produce. 



Definite figures of cost are available ; in three years 2,007 acres of 

 plantations have been established at a capitalized (4 per cent.) inclu- 

 sive cost of Rs. 1,27,645. or about Es. 64 yer acre. This figure ia 

 very much inflated by addition of the full depreciation on buildings, 

 fences, and surveys common to the whole division. 



Mr. Smythies, Deputy Conservator of Forests, who was in 

 charge of the Afforestation division for a short period during the 

 writer's absence on leave, has drawn up an interesting memorandum 

 showing, as far as can be anticipated, the financial prospects. His 

 figures although conservative, show that by introducing timber 

 trees, either as standards over coppice or in special portions of each 

 block, it is possible to pay off not only all the capital expenditure 

 (accumulatf d at 4 per cent.) after 40 years, but also to yield a very 

 substantial surplus. These figures appear as appendix XIII, but 

 it should be remembered that the data on which any forecast can 

 be based are at present almost entirely hypothetical. 



It is not to be supposed that the whole capital can be repaid at 

 the first or even any subsequent felling of the forest crop. The 

 heavy initial expenditure is incurred on establishing a forest which, 

 with proper care and management, will last for ever, reproducing 

 itself naturally without further outlay. It should therefore be 

 sufficient if the interest be repaid and the capital left on the ground. 

 Existing plantations situated close to towns, such as Etawab, Kalpi, 



