( 13A ) 



had been decided on. In 1901 advice was obtained from the Forest 

 department, and the miscellaneous forest area has since then been 

 protected from browsing animals and has been worked under the 

 system of coppice with standards, and large blanks of waste land 

 have been planted with bamboos, shisham, eucalyptus and other 

 trees. Altogether between 1901 and 1907 an area of about 73 acres 

 was successfully brought under shisham. In 1908, at the request 

 of the owner, the Forest department drew up a working plan for the 

 estate, and this is of particular interest as being the first attempt 

 in these provinces to systematize the working of a private forest. 

 The working plan estimated that after eight or ten years the aver- 

 age annual receipts would amount to Rs. 5,650 and expenditure to 

 Rs. 3,250, or an average surplus of Us. 2,400, and this forecast seems 

 to be in a fair way to fulfilment. During the six years previous to 

 the introduction of the working plan the annual expenditure (in- 

 curred chiefly on planting work) had exceeded the revenue. This 

 shows that the proprietor fully realized from the first that, in order 

 eventually to realize 'the maximum interest on his waste land, he 

 must first create his forest capital. The resulting young forest is 

 now in a flourishing condition and is under the supervision of a 

 trained staff consisting of a deputy ranger and two guards. The 

 owner will now have the satisfaction of reaping substantial returns 

 from areas which would otherwise have remained unproductive 

 waste. 



11. The Forest department in the initial stages of its develop- 

 ment was primarily a commercial department and concerned with the 

 production of large timber ; its interests were inevitably antagonistic 

 to agriculture in that intense management demanded the exclusion 

 of cattle-grazing. But since the time of Sir Dietrich Brandis it has 

 been recognized with increasing clearness that forestry has a 

 vocation no less important as the handmaid of agriculture, and that 

 she is called to come down from the hills. Big timber need not, 

 as Sir Dietrich Brandis urged in 1883, be the only or even the 

 main object of a forester's existence. Among the peasants' greatest 

 needs are firewood to replace manure, small timber for houses and 

 wood for implements as well as grazing or fodder for his cattle. 

 There is therefore a place for a branch of forestry in which these 

 commodities, regarded by the commercial forester as accessories, 

 become the main considerations of his craft. 



The Tikri forest in Gonda affords an example of the successful 

 administration of such an area worked almost entirely for the 

 production of fuel, both as a revenue-earning undertaking and as 

 a valuable factor in the economy of a district. This forest now 

 constitutes the only extensive wooded tract in a large area of high 



