ECHINODERMATA OF NEW ENGLAND. 55 



Pennatulidce. 



Pennatula. Polyp region with prominent flat leaves 

 which are two ranked, opposite. Polyps marginal. 

 Shaft smooth. Color of leaves reel, shaft at end white. 

 Phosphorescent. Aperture of polyps with spinose spic- 

 nles. 



P. aculeata. 



Balticina. Polyps in oblique rows, two in each row. 

 Leaves not prominent. Calycles (polyps) spinose. Zo- 

 oids on the axis between the leaves. Axis below the leaves 

 smooth. With terminal .polyp. Leaves pale-purple. 

 Axis salmon color. 



B. Finmarchica. 



Virgulariadce. 



Virgularia. Stem filiform; polyp region linear with 

 sessile curved lobes on upper end. Polyps marginal. 

 Pinnae wanting;. 



V* Ljungmanni. 



&' 



GORGONACEA. 



Alcyonacea. 



A. Without sclerobase, the axis formed of consolidated 

 spicules. 



Alcyonium. Polyps prominent ; solitary. Bodylobed, 

 with spicules. Prominent circumoral spicules. Pores 

 star-like. Encrusting submerged bodies. White or red, 

 axis generally white. 



1. Large, markedly lobed . . . . A. carneum. 



2. Small, nodose, bright-red . . . A. rubiforme. 



Paragorgiidce. 



B. With horny or siliceous scierobase and generally 

 with cortical layer. 



