ECHINODERMATA OF NEW ENGLAND. 69 



HOLOTHURIOIDE A . 



Body elongate, vermiform with oral and anal openings 

 at opposite poles of the animal. Skin leathery often cov- 

 ered with scales, sometimes spinous, often with embedded 

 spicules or anchors. Ambulacra! suckers wanting or'pres- 

 ent. When the latter are present, in three to five rows. 



With suckers Pedata. 



Without suckers Apoda. 



Pedata. 



Cticumaria. Suckers in five regular rows, alternate in 

 each row, closely oppressed. Tentacles ten. Dental ap- 

 paratus. 



C. frondosa. 



Lophothuria. Suckers in three rows and on one side 

 which forms a soft foot. Other ambulacra! furrows rudi- 

 mentary ; absent. Body covered with scales. Tentacles 

 ten. 



L. Fabridi. 



Thyone. Body with scattered wail-like suckers. Ten- 

 tacles ten. Teeth filamentous. 



T. scabra. 



elongata. 

 Apoda. 



Caudina. Body long, whitish without suckers, pro- 

 longed into a long appendage at one end (anal). No 

 "respiratory tree." 



C. arena ta. 



Leptosynapta. Body vermiform, long, transparent. No 

 suckers. No jaws. Tentacles long, divided into finger- 

 like branches. Kespiratory tree. 



L. Girardii. 



Larvce of Echinoderms. 



The larvse of New England Echinoderms are either car- 

 ried by the mother or free-swimming, The development 



