FORMATION OF SYSTEMS. 331 



book was communicated 40 to Ray in 1660, and from 

 this time forwards, says Sprengel, there might be 

 noticed in the writings of Englishmen, those better 

 and clearer views to which Jung's principles gave 

 birth. Five years after the death of Jung, his 

 Doxoscopia Physica was published, in 1662 ; and 

 in 1678, his Isagoge Phytoscopica. But neither of 

 these works was ever much read; and even Linnaeus, 

 whom few things escaped which concerned botany, 

 had, in 1771, seen none of Jung's works. 



I here pass over Jung's improvements of bota- 

 nical language, and speak only of those which he is 

 asserted to have suggested in the arrangement of 

 plants. He examines, says Sprengel 41 , the value of 

 characters of species, which, he holds, must not be 

 taken from the thorns, nor from colour, taste, smell, 

 medicinal effects, time and place of blossoming. 

 He shows, in numerous examples, what plants must 

 be separated, though called by a common name, 

 and what must be united, though their names are 

 several. 



I do not see in this much that interferes with 

 the originality of Ray's method 42 , of which, in con- 

 sequence of the importance ascribed to it by Cuvier, 

 as we have already seen, I shall give an account, 



40 Ray acknowledges this in his Index Plant, agri Cantab. 

 p. 87, and quotes from it the definition of caulis. 



41 Sprengel, ii. 29. 



12 Methodus Plantarum Nova, 1682. Hisloria Plantar urn, 

 1686. 



