NOTES TO BOOK XVI. 413 



experimitur;" and he is hence led to think that the true 

 character of all natural assemblages are extremely simple. 



One of the leading features in Mr. Lindley^s system is 

 that he has thrown the Natural Orders into groups subor- 

 dinate to the higher divisions of Classes and Sub-classes. 

 He had already attempted this, in imitation of Agardh 

 and Bartling, in his Nixus Plantarum, (1833). The 

 groups of Natural Orders were there called Nixus (tenden- 

 cies) ; and they were denoted by names ending in ales: 

 but these groups were further subordinated to Cohorts. 

 Thus the first member of the arrangement was Class i. 

 EXOGENJE. Sub-class i. POLYPETAL.E. Cohort i. ALBUMI- 

 NOS^E. Nixus i. Randies. Natural Orders included in 

 this Nixus, Ranunculaceae, Saraceniceae, Papaveracese, &c. 

 In the Vegetable Kingdom, the groups of Natural Orders 

 are termed Alliances. In this work, the Sub-classes of the 

 EXOGENS are four ; i. DICLINOUS ; n. HYPOGYNOUS ; in. PE- 

 RIGYNOUS ; iv. EPIGYNOUS ; and the Alliances are subordi- 

 nated to these without the intervention of Cohorts. 



Mr. Lindley has also, in this as in other works, given 

 English names for the Natural Orders. Thus for Nym- 

 phacece, Ranunculacea?, Tamaricacece, Zygophyllacece, Elea- 

 trinaceoe, he substitutes Water-Lilies, Crowfoots, Tama- 

 risks, Bean-Capers, and Water-Peppers ; for Malvaceae, 

 Aurantiacea?, Gentianacew, Primulacece, Urtiacece, Euphor- 

 biacece, he employs Mallow-worts, Citron-worts, Gentian- 

 worts, Prim-worts, Nettle- worts, Spurge-worts ; and the 

 terms Orchids, Hippurids, Amaryllids, Irids, Typhads, 

 Arads, Cucurbits, are taken as English equivalents for 

 Orchidacece, Haloragacece, Amaryllidacece, Iridacece, TypJia- 

 cece, Aracea?., Cucurbitacece. All persons who wish success 

 to the study of botany in England must rejoice to see it 

 tend to assume this idiomatic shape. 



