BOGS I THEIR MANAGEMENT. 421 



been at Last destroyed; because man first fed it % ill 

 it was diseased, and then was too heartless properly to 

 study the nature of the affection which tormented the 

 animal. 



Let those who may feel disposed to question this view 

 of external canker, ask themselves what it is which in- 

 duces the dog to shake his head violently at first ? For 

 the brute must shake the head violently and frequent- 

 ly, before canker in the flap can be established. The 

 disease is, in the first instance, thus mechanically induced. 

 It has its origin in the violent action of the beast ; and 

 that action is the very one which ensues upon the animal 

 being attacked by internal canker. 



The dog shakes his head long before the eye can 

 detect anything within the ear. By tl at action, in nine 

 cases out of ten, we are led to inspect the part. The 

 action is symptomatic of the disorder, and it is the ear- 

 liest sign displayed. In the dog whose coat does not 

 favor internal canker, it may, however, establish the ex- 

 ternal form of the disease ; which being once set up, 

 may afterwards even act as a derivative to the original 

 disorder. 



External canker is nothing more in the first stage than 

 a sore established around the edge of the ear, in conse- 

 quence of the dog violently shaking the head, and there- 

 by hitting the flap of the ear with force against the col- 

 lar, chain, neck, &c. Shaking, however, does not cure 

 the annoyance. An itching within the ear still remains ; 

 which the dog, doubtless imagining it to be caused by 



