432 DOGS : THEIR MANAGEMENT. 



cases beyond giving general directions, as in the instance 

 of cataract. 



Gutta serena is known by the organ being perfectly 

 clear, but the iris remaining permanently fixed. The in- 

 troduction of sudden light produces no effect on it ; 

 neither, unless the current of air be agitated, does the 

 eyelid move. Towards the latter stage the eye changes 

 color ; but when it first occurs, a person without expe- 

 rience would prefer the eye in this state, because it looks 

 so thoroughly bright and transparent. The aspect of 

 these eyes is known to those who are much among ani- 

 mals, and the carriage of the body is recognised as 

 altered when a creature becomes blind; besides which, 

 trust him alone, and his running against different obsta- 

 cles, as well as his manner of walking, will declare the 

 truth. 



SIMPLE OPHTHALMIA. To this disorder of the eye the 

 dog is very susceptible. It may be caused by dust, dirt, 

 thorns, or portions of leaves getting into the eyes ; the 

 symptoms are, constant closing of the lid, and perpetual 

 flowing of the tears. Though the eye be closed, the lid 

 is never quiet ; but is being, during the entire period, 

 spasmodically, though partially, raised to be shut again, 

 or in perpetual movement. If the lids are forced asun- 

 der, the conjunctiva or mucous membrane forming the 

 inner lining of the lid is seen to be inflamed ; while the 

 same membrane covering the ball of the eye is per- 

 ceived to be of a white color, and perfectly opaque. 



The cure in this instance is always, first, to remove 



