6 WHAT A DOG OUGHT TO DO. [OH. i. 



no whipping no noise, when master goes out for 

 sport." 



8. These observations lead unavoidably to the in- 

 ference, that no dog can be considered perfectly broken, 

 that does not make his point when first he feels assured 

 of the presence of game, and remain stationary where 

 he makes it, until urged on by you to draw nearer that 

 does not, as a matter of course, lie down without any 

 word of command the moment you have fired, and after- 

 wards perseveringly seek for the dead bird in the direc- 

 tion you may point out, and all this without your once 

 having occasion to speak, more than to say in a low 

 voice, " Find," when he gets near the dead bird, as will 

 be hereafter explained. Moreover, it must be obvious 

 that he risks leaving game behind him if he does not 

 hunt every part of a field, and, on the other hand, that 

 he wastes your time and his strength, if he travel twice 

 over the same ground, nay, over any ground which his 

 powers of scent have already reached. Of course, I am 

 now speaking of a dog . hunted without a companion to 

 share his labours. 



9. You may say, "How is all this, which sounds so 

 well in theory, to be obtained in practice without great 

 severity ? " Believe me, with severity it never can be 

 attained. If flogging would. make a dog perfect, few 

 would be found unbroken in England or Scotland, and 

 scarcely one in Ireland. 



10. Astley's method was to give each horse his pre- 

 paratory lessons alone, and when there was no noise 

 or anything to divert his attention from his instructor. 

 If the horse was interrupted during the lesson, or his 

 attention in any way withdrawn, he was dismissed for 

 that day. When perfect in certain lessons by himself, 

 he was associated with other horses, whose education 



