CH. xii.] CHASTISEMENT OF DOGS. 203 



a bad nose that makes a dog, through fear, go to "heel" 

 when he winds birds. A bad nose may lead to a dog's 

 running up birds from not noticing them, but it cannot 

 naturally induce him to run away from them. Possibly 

 he may be worthless from a deficiency in his olfactory 

 powers ; but it is hard to conceive how these powers 

 can be improved by a dread of doing mischief when he 

 finds himself near game. Some dogs that have been 

 unduly chastised do not even betray themselves by 

 running to " heel," but cunningly slink away from their 

 birds without giving you the slightest intimation of their 

 vicinity. I have seen such instances. When a young 

 dog, who has betrayed symptoms of blinking, draws 

 upon birds, head him, if you can, before you give him 

 the order to " toho : " he will then have such a large 

 circuit to make, that he will feel the less tempted to run 

 to your heels. 



347. Obedience and intelligence are, as I have already 

 remarked, best secured by judicious ratings and en- 

 couragements, scoldings for bad conduct, praise, 

 caresses, and rewards for good. Never forget, there- 

 fore, to have some delicacy in your pocket to give the 

 youngster whenever he may deserve it. All dogs, how- 

 ever, even the most fearful, ought to be made able to 

 bear a little punishment. If, unfortunately, your dog 

 is constitutionally timid (I cannot help saying un- 

 fortunately, though so many of the sort have fine noses), 

 the whip must be employed with the greatest gentle- 

 ness, the lash being rather laid on the back than used, 

 until such forbearance, and many caresses before his 

 dismissal, have gradually banished the animal's alarm, 

 and ultimately enabled you to give him a very slight 

 beating, on his misconducting himself, without any 

 danger of making him blink. By such means, odd as 



