INFLAMMATION OF THE BLADDER. 215 



There are some instances in which as many as 20 or 30 small calculi 

 have been taken from the bladder of a dog. Twice I have seen calculi 

 absolutely crushed in the bladder of a dog ; and Mr. Elaine says that he 

 found no fewer than 40 or 50 in the bladder of a Newfoundland dog. 

 One of them had passed out into the urethra, and had so blocked up the 

 passage that the flow of urine was prevented, and the animal died of mor- 

 tification. 



With much pleasure I refer to the details of Mr. Elaine with regard 

 to the management of vesical calculi. " When a small calculus," says 

 he, " obstructs the urethra, and can be felt, it may be attempted to be 

 forced forward through the urethra to the point of the penis, whence 

 it may be extracted by a pair of forceps. If it cannot be so moved it 

 may be cut down upon and removed with safety ; but when one or more 

 stones are within the bladder, we must attempt lithotomy, after having 

 fully satisfied ourselves of their existence there by the introduction of 

 the sound ; to do which it must be remembered that the urethra of 

 the dog in passing the bladder proceeds nearly in a direct line back- 

 wards, and then, making an acute angle, it passes again forwards to the 

 bladder. It must be therefore evident, that when it becomes necessary 

 to introduce a catheter, sound, or bougie, it must first be passed up the 

 penis to the extremity of this angle ; the point of the instrument must 

 then be cut down upon, and from this opening the instrument may be 

 readily passed forward into the bladder. The examination made, and a 

 stone detected, it may, if a very small one, be attempted to be pushed 

 forward by means of a finger passed up the anus into the urethra ; but, as 

 this could be practicable only where the dog happened to be a large one, 

 it is most probable that nothing short of the operation of lithotomy would 

 succeed. To this end, the sound being introduced, pass a very small 

 gorget, or otherwise a bistoury, along its groove into the bladder, to effect 

 an opening sufficient to admit of the introduction of a fine pair of forceps, 

 by which the stone may be laid up and extracted." Elaine's Canine 

 Pathology, p. 180. 



INFLAMMATION OF THE BLADDER 



is of frequent occurrence in the dog ; it is also occasionally observed in 

 the horse and the ox. It sometimes appears as an epizootic. It is gene- 

 rally announced by anxiety, agitation, trembling of the hinder limbs, 

 frequent attempts to urine, vain efforts to accomplish it, the evacuation 

 small in quantity, sometimes clear and aqueous, and at other times mucous, 

 laden with sediment, thick and bloody, escaping by jets, painfully and with 

 great difficulty, and then suddenly rushing out in great quantity. To this 

 list of symptoms colic may often be added. The animal drinks with avidity, 

 but seldom eats much, unless at the commencement of the complaint. 

 The skin is hard and dry, he looks at his flanks, and his back and flanks 

 are tender when pressed upon. 



During the latter portion of my connexion with Mr. Elaine, this disease 

 assumed an epidemic character. There was a very great drought through 

 almost every part of the country. The disease was characterised by general 

 uneasiness ; continual shifting of the posture ; a tucked-up appearance ; an 

 anxious countenance ; a quick and noisy pulse ; continued panting ; the 

 urine voided in small quantities, sometimes discharged drop by drop, or 



