232 DRY LAND FARMING 



several^ harrowings. Wheat has been harrowed with 

 profit when it has reached the height of one foot, but 

 harrowing at a stage of growth thus advanced is seldom 

 necessary. 



The number of the harrowings called for by spring 

 wheat may run from none at all to fewer than four or 

 five, but under what may be termed normal conditions, 

 it will seldom be necessary to harrow more frequently 

 than two or three times. In many soils the weeder may 



DRY LAND HEADED WHEAT. 



Culver-Opal City District, Oregon. 



Courtesy Nofthern Pacific Railway Co. 



do more effective work than the harrow, especially when 

 these are very loose, but when on impacted soils the 

 weeder will be found of but little use. 



Should the soil encrust in the autumn, it may be ad- 

 vantageous to use on it a corrugated roller instead of 

 a harrow, more especially when the soil calls for firming 

 below. But it will seldom be advantageous to use this 

 implement in preference to the harrow on spring wheat 

 or other grain sown on autumn-plowed land. 



The extent to which winter wheat may be pastured 

 in dry areas will depend: (1) on the severity or lack of 



