14- MEMBERS OP PLANTS. 



similar exceptions, as in the rootstock 1 of the iris, 

 always above ground. Accurately speaking, then, there 

 can be no stemless 2 plant, though there may be leaves 

 arising from the collar of the root, which is in that 

 case the stem, as in the star thistle, in which there is 

 no apparent trunk or bole ; and hence it is, in a popular 

 sense, stemless. 



The stem 3 is divided from the root by the crown 

 or collar already described, which, though evident in 

 all herbs and on young trees, cannot be recognised in 

 trees of several years* growth. The space between the 

 collar and the first leaf or bud, is termed the bole 4 , 

 which is also applied to the space between two or more 

 leaves or buds, whose base is called a node 5 , by gar- 

 deners an eye. The great body of a stem, whether 

 divided into boles or not, is termed the trunk 6 . 



The stem of grasses, corn, and reeds, is termed the 

 straw 7 ; the stem of palms, ferns, mushrooms, and 

 sea weeds, is termed the stalk 8 ; the stem of such flowers 

 as the primrose, the daisy, the snowdrop, and the lilies, 

 is termed a scape 9 , though flower-stalk is certainly 

 better ; the running stem, as in the strawberry and 

 cinquefoil, is termed a runner 10 ; a shorter runner, 

 that does not root, as in houseleek, is termed an 

 offset 11 ; a longer one that does not root, as in the 



(1) In Latin, Rhizoma. (2) In Latin, Acaulis. 



(3) In Latin, Caulis. (4) In Latin, Internodium. 



(5) In Latin, Nodus. (6) In Latin, Truncus. 



(7) In Latin, Culmus. (8) In Latin, Stipes. 



(9) In Latin, Scapus. (10) In Latin, Sarmentum. 



(HJ In Latin, Propagulum. 



