CONTENTS. V 



Page 



Fence of flower-scales . % . ,.35 

 Fruit scales . ... 36 



BRANCHES . . . . 37 



Branches measure more than their stems . ib. 



Utility of pruning . . . ib. 



Acacias of Belgium and pollards of England . . ib. 



Varieties of branches . . . 38 

 Characters of sprays .... ib. 



SCALES, HAIRS, PRICKLES, AND THORNS . . . ib. 

 Scales on fern stalks .... ib. 



Hairs on plants like those on animals . . . ib. 



Terms applied to hairs . . ,39 



Leaves like felt or cloth . . . ib. 



Varieties of hairs and bristles . . ib. 



Prickles characterised . . . 40 



Sting of the nettle . . . . . ib. 



Thorns different from prickles . . . ib. 



Theoretical fancies . . . . . ib. 



GLANDS . . . . 41 



Differ from the glands of animals . . ib. 



The pitcher plant . 42 



CLASPERS AND TENDRILS .... ib. 



Claspers of ivy mistaken for roots . ib. 



Varieties of tendrils . . . .43 



FLOWERS . . . . ib. 

 Considered as members .... ib. 



Wild Theory of Goethe and Von Martius . ib. 



THE FLOWER-STALK AND INFLORESCENCE 



Confusion in botanical works . . ib. 



Simple flower- stalks .... ib. 



Compound flower-stalks . . ib. 



Professor Roper's arrangement . . ib. 



Centripetal Evolution of Flowers . . . . 45 



Forms of centripetal flowers . ^J . ib. 



Centrifugal Evolution . . . 48 



Forms of centrifugal flowers . . . ib. 



Mixed Evolution . . . 49 

 The Flower- Cup 



Puzzling to beginners . . .50 



Cup always the expanded bud-scales . . 51 



Curtain in mushrooms . . . ib* 



Veil in mosses . . . . ib. 



Husk in corn and grass . . . ib. 



Sheath in lilies , . . . ib. 



Colours of the flower -cup . . . ib. 



Parts of the flower-cup . 52 



Varieties in position . . .53 



The Receptacle 



Proper or common . - . . ib. 



