LEAVES. 33 



Insertion and Direction of Leaves. 



IN relation to the stem or branch on which it grows, 

 a leaf may be embracing 1 9 as in the white poppy ; 

 sheathing 2 , as in grasses ; clasping or riding 3 , as in 

 iris; connate 4 , as in teasel; decurrent 5 , or running 

 down on each side from the base, as in comfrey ; or 

 perforate 6 , as if pierced by the stem. 



With respect to their distribution, leaves may be 

 opposite 7 , as in the nettle : crossing in pairs 8 , as in 

 caper spurge; in threes 9 , as in three-leafed vervain ; 

 in fours 10 , as in some heaths; cross-formed 11 , as in 

 cross wort; whorled 12 , as in woodroof 5 alternate 13 , as 

 in vervain mallow ; spiral 14 , as in spruce fir ; scat- 

 tered irregularly l5 ; in two ranks l6 , as in the yew 

 tree; tufted 17 , as in the larch; crowded 1S , as in 

 chick-weed and winter-green ; or rose-like 19 , as in rose 

 bryum. 



With respect to direction, leaves may be erect, ap- 

 pressed M , spreading, horizontal, nodding 21 , curved 

 backwards 22 , curved upwards 23 , drooping 24 , twisted, 



(I) In Latin, Amplexicaulium. (2) In Latin, Fag-maws. 



(3) In Latin, Equitans. (4) In Latin, Connatum. 



(5) In Latin, Decurrens. (6) In Latin, Perfoliatum, 



(7) In Latin, Opposita. (8) In Latin, Decussatu. 



(9) In Latin, Ternata. (10) In Latin, Quaternata. 



(11) In Latin, Cruciata. (12) In Latin Verticillata. 



(13) In Latin, Alternata. (14) In Latin, Spiralia. 



(15) In Latin, Sparsa. (16) In Latin, Bifaria. 



(17) In Latin, Fasciculate,. (18) In Latin, Conferta. 



(19) In Latin, Rosea. (20) In Latin, Appressa. 



(21) In Latin, Nutantia. (22) In Latin, Reflexa. 



(23) In Latin, Inflexa. (24) In Latin^PewoWo, 

 D 



