36 MEMBERS OF PLANTS. 



diately below the flower cup. In corn and grasses, 

 the flower scale consists of the two outer enve- 

 lopes, usually termed husk 1 , which sometimes are 

 tipped with what is called an awn 2 . In lilies, cuckoo- 

 pint, and the palms, the flower-scale is in form of a 

 sheath 3 , which had previously enwrapt the flower bud. 

 In some cases, scales similar to the preceding do not 

 expand till the fruit advances in growth, and hence 

 they may be termed fruit-scales 4 , which are leafy and 

 nearly surrounding the nut in the filbert ; leathery and 

 rough, quite surrounding the nut, in beech and chest- 

 nut; woody and hard, and forming a cup for the 

 acorn, in the oak; and fleshy like a berry, in the yew. 



Fruit-scales, a, a, a, a. A, in the filbert -, B, in the beech ; C, 

 in the oak ; D, in the yew. 



(1) In Latin, Gluma. (2) In Latin, Arista. 



(3) In Latin, Spatha. (4) In Latin, Cupula. 



