ORGANS OP REPRODUCTION. 125 



Seeds may be either close J , or dehiscent 2 . A close 

 seed may be a grain 3 , like wheat, maize, and rye-grass ; 

 it may be a simple pip 4 , as in thistle and sun-flower; it 

 may be a composite pip 5 , as in borage, dead nettle, lady's 

 bed straw, ranunculus, parsley, and hemlock; it may- 

 be a key 6 , as in ash, maple, and elm ; it may be a 

 gland 7 , as in the oak and filbert; or it may be a 

 utricle 8 , as in the lime, the nettle, and orach. 



A dehiscent seed may be follicle 9 , as in the laurel 

 rose ; it may be a double follicle, as in swallow wort ; 

 it may be a purse 10 , as in the cabbage and wall flower, 

 it may be a purselet u , as in honesty and shepherd's 

 purse; it may be a pod 12 , as in the pea, the bean, 

 bladder senna, cassia, and astragalus; it may be a 

 capsule 13 , as in the pimpernel, poppy, and pinks ; it 

 may be a caper 14 , as in spurge; or it may be a cone l5 , 

 as in alder, birch, and fir. 



Fruits, as popularly distinguished from seed, are 

 more succulent or fleshy, and are all close. Botanists 

 consider fruits to be the ripened seed organ. A fruit 



(1) In Latin, Indehiscens. (2) In Latin, Dehiscens. 



(3) In Latin, Cerium, or Caryopsis. 



(4) In Latin, Achenium. (5) In Latin, Polachenium. 



(6) In Latin, Samara. (7) In Latin, Glans. 



(8) In Latin, Utriculum, or Carcerulus. 

 (9) In Latin, Folliculum. (10) In Latin, Siligua. 

 (11) In Latin, Silicula. (12) In Latin, Legumen. 



(13) In Latin, Capsula, and Pyxidium. 



(14) In Latin, Elaterium. 

 (15) In Latin, Conus,or Strobile. 



