INFANCY OF INSECTS. 91 



become saw flies, as does the small caterpillar, erro- 

 neously called the turnip fly ( l ). Other well known 

 caterpillars are the large caterpillars which feed on 

 cabbage, and become white butterflies, and small gre- 

 garious caterpillars which destroy hedges and fruit 

 trees, afterwards becoming moths, as do those which 

 roll up the leaves which they eat, or creep into buds, 

 constituting the well known " worm i' the bud.' 5 

 Qther caterpillars, which become small moths, devour 

 grain in granaries, the wood of currant and willow or 

 other trees, garments of woollen or silk and furs, and 

 insects and other animals kept in cabinets. 



The word " GRUB" is not quite so definite as cater- 

 pillar, and is often applied popularly, but erroneously, 

 to both caterpillars and maggots. In precise language, 

 a grub is a creature hatched from the egg of some 

 sort of beetle or weevil (which is a beetle with a long- 

 ish snout). A grub has always exactly six feet on the 

 corselet, and never any clinging feet on the abdomen 

 like caterpillars. The body of a grub is also, with a 

 few exceptions, more clumsy than that of a caterpillar, 

 the general colour being white, yellow, or brown, 

 never, ] believe, green ; and the head usually some 

 darker colour, as blackish or dark brown. 



The best known grubs are those of the cockchafer, 

 which takes three years to arrive at its full growth, 

 and devours the roots of grass; those of the corn 

 weevil, which do great injury in granaries ; and those 

 of the weevils that feed on nuts, and on the buds of 

 apple and other fruit trees, as well as on the roots of 

 cabbages and turnips, producing knobs on them. The 

 meal-worm and the wire-worm are also grubs, as well 

 as those which worm-hole furniture, gnaw bacon, and 

 destroy the bark of trees. One of the pests, called the 

 turnip fly, is the grub of a weevil. All these become 



(l) There is a beetle grub also called the turnip fly. 



