Trees 159 



5 to 10 feet. Like a magnified mahonia or ashberry. Leaves 

 holly-like, more than a foot long. Fruit black. Hardy in New 

 York with shelter. The B. Japonica of gardens is B. Nepalensis, 

 not so tall, with fewer spines but more leaflets. 



MYRTLE, TRAILING, or PERIWINKLE (Vinca minor). See VINES, p. 335. 



PINE, AUSTRIAN (Pinus Laricio, var. Austriaca). Rapid grower, suc- 

 ceeding on a variety of soils. 125 feet. Hardy. Of dark, sombre 

 aspect, hence called black pine. Short branches with stiff, long 

 needles. Stands wind and salt spray. Keeps its colour all winter. 

 Begins to deteriorate when about twenty-five years old. Used as a 



temporary windbreak. , DWARF MOUNTAIN (P. montana, var. 



Mughus). The best dwarf pine, eventually becoming 10 feet high. 

 Invaluable for roadbanks, terraces, massing at entrances, also 

 as lawn specimens. Makes an almost globular bush with charac- 

 teristic pine growth. Leaves bright green. Does well on variety 



of soils if well drained. , PITCH (P. rigida). Horizontal 



spreading branches, making an open, irregular pyramid. 80 feet; 

 leaves 2 to 5 inches long. Very hardy and of rapid growth when 

 young. Easily raised from seed. Useful on dry and rocky sterile 

 soils. Sprouts readily from stumps. Very picturesque when old. 



, RED (P. resinosa). One of the best of the hardy conifers, 



thriving up to the far north. 100 feet. Medium green, long leaves, 

 grows upon any drained soil. Particularly picturesque when aged. 

 A good tree for garden use, as it stands cutting and trimming. One 



of the best for screens, hedges, and windbreaks. , SCOTCH 



(P. sylvestris). Similar to Austrian pine in all respects except 



that foliage is blue-green and shorter. , UMBRELLA (Scia- 



dopitys verticillata). Unique in character, having long narrow 

 leaves of a lustrous green, in whorls. 100 feet. A narrow compact 

 pyramid; rather slow growth. Hardy to Maine. Thrives in mod- 

 erately moist loam and also clay. , WHITE (Pinus Strobus). 



Most useful conifer for general planting, and tallest evergreen tree 

 of Eastern America. 150 feet. Thrives anywhere except on 

 wet clay subsoil. Needles long, and brighter green than most 

 conifers. Very picturesque and rugged with age. Makes annual 

 growth of 2 feet. Horizontal branches in whorls. Easily injured 

 by winds until 10 or 12 feet high. Often attacked by mealy bug 

 and woolly aphis when young; spray with kerosene emulsion. 



