H2 AMERICAN PERMIAN VERTEBRATES 



five feet in length. Skull short, depressed, tuberculate, with very 

 large parietal foramen, small lateral temporal vacuity, inclosed 

 below, and with blunt conical teeth in maxillae and mandibles, few 

 in number. Teeth on vomers, palatines, and pterygoids. Spines 

 of vertebrae short, stout, and of uniform length. Twenty-four 

 presacral vertebrae, three sacrals. No cleithrum. Pubes not 

 longer than ischia, not projecting forward in an expanded plate; 

 no pubo-ischiadic vacuity. Ribs very large and heavy; no ventral 

 ribs. Feet pentedactylate. 



CASEA 

 Williston, Jour. Geol., XVIII, 590, 1910. 



Casea Broilii Williston, ibid. Plates XIV-XXIV. 



Skull. But a single skull of Casea 1 has so far been detected in 

 the blocks of matrix, a part of specimen No. 656, and that not in 

 the most satisfactory condition. It was found closely crowded 

 below the jaws of a Cacops and the pectoral girdle and anterior 

 limbs of a Varanosaurus, and was separable with difficulty from the 

 rather hard, concretionary matrix. The skull is a little depressed 

 and somewhat skewed to the right, the palate pressed upward 

 and to the left. The nasal region is not quite complete, especially 

 of the right side, and the temporal arch of the left side was broken 

 and the parts somewhat displaced, so that they cannot be accurately 

 readjusted. I give several figures of the skull as I have partially 

 reconstructed it after careful study and measurements. For- 

 tunately the mandibles are quite perfect. The skull in many 

 respects is remarkable, presenting no decisive relationships with 

 any known form, though, of course, because of the single temporal 

 vacuity, allying the genus and family more or less with the true 

 Pelycosauria. Unfortunately in the present skull, as in others of the 

 remarkable deposit in which these skeletons were found, the sutures 

 for the most part cannot be made out, or, if so, only conjectural!}'. 

 I find by careful examination with a lens indications of some of 

 them, and it is not at all improbable that with more material for 



1 Since this was written a second one has been found, but has not been prepared. 



