March, 1927] 



Electricity on New England Farms 



also connected. Water is supplied to house (has bathroom) and barns by gravity. 

 A large quantity is required for spraying the fruit trees at critical times, and the 

 electric pump furnishes a dependable supply. 



Farm No. 7. A heavy duty pump which forces water from a meadow spring 

 into an elevated tank on a hill, from which it flows by gravity to supply house, 

 barns and poultry buildings. 



/•'"/-/// No. 0. Shallow well pump and small pneumatic tank or "fresh-from- 

 thc-well" supply system furnishing house (has bathroom), barns and poultry 

 buildings. 



No well defined regularity is apparent in the 

 sumption of current for water supplies. This is 

 tions locally, such as difference in wells, lack of 

 stock in pasture, etc. 



The motors used range from 1-6 to \ x fa H. P. 



maximum and minimum con- 

 due to the variation in condi- 

 rainfall, methods of handling 



TABLE 10. Water Pump Records on Experimental Farms 



* Refer to Farm Description. 



Electric Ranges. Six electric ranges are in use. Two general types are 

 represented, — the straight electric range and the combination range which has a 

 compartment for burning wood or coal. On two farms the electric range is used 

 in addition to a wood or coal range. All ranges operate from separate heat 

 circuits, or the equivalent, to obtain lower rates. 



Farm No. 1. A straight electric range has been the only means of cooking for 

 over a year. It is equipped with four surface plates, one large and one small 

 oven, automatic time and temperature controls, master switch, automatic oven, 

 ventilation and convenience outlet. The connected load is 9,000 watts. 



Farm No. 6. A straight electric range has been the only means of cooking for 

 five months. It is equipped with four surface plates, one large and one small 

 oven, automatic time and temperature control and master switch. The con- 

 nected load is 8,500 watts. 



Farm No. 4. A combination coal-electric range assists the furnace in heating 

 a large exposed kitchen. The coal fire-box. having two surface lids, may also be 

 used for burning wood, and is equipped with a water front for heating hot water. 

 (An electric water heater is also in use.) The electric section of the range is 

 equipped with four surface units and standard size oven. As there is no oven 

 heated by the firebox, it is necessary to do all oven baking and cooking by 

 electricity. No automatic controls are used and the regulation of temperature 

 is accomplished manually, guided by an oven thermometer. 



Farm No. 3. A very complete combination wood-electric range is in use. The 

 wood burning section has four surface lids and also heats a standard size oven. 

 Brass coils in the fire-box provide hot water which is heated electrically when the 

 fire is out, or in emergency. Three surface plates and a separate oven are heated 

 electrically. No automatic controls are used; temperatures are maintained man- 

 ually through the three-way switches guided by an oven indicator. Under the 

 existing condition the electric section holds the position of an auxiliary cooking 

 unit which is utilized only during the extremely warm days of summer, for 

 emergency, or to meet the requirements in a rush season, such as canning time, 

 when all heating equipment is needed. 



